International Epilepsy Day

More Awareness. More Lives Improved.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by unprovoked and recurrent seizures.   “International Epilepsy Day” is observed on the 2^nd Monday of February (10^th February this year). WHO estimates the number of people living with epilepsy globally at ~five crore, with ~50 lakh being diagnosed with epilepsy each year. Epilepsy can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender. In about 50% of cases, the exact cause remains unknown. Some types of epilepsy run in families, indicating a genetic component. While a definitive cure for epilepsy remains elusive, significant progress is being made in understanding and treating the condition. Epilepsy is not a “poor person’s disease”. However, it is more prevalent (~80%) in low- and middle-income countries. Epilepsy is not always a lifelong condition. While some people have epilepsy for life, others may outgrow it. Despite medical advancements, epilepsy remains one of the most misunderstood and stigmatised conditions worldwide. Education and awareness are the way forward. Especially the way visual media depict epilepsy. 

Living with epilepsy is not easy, but it is possible.
Every seizure survived is a battle won.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. It is characterised by seizures, which happen unprovoked and recurrent. The cause is attributed to the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. “International Epilepsy Day” is observed on the 2^nd Monday of February (10^th February this year). It is a joint initiative of the “International Bureau for Epilepsy” and the “International League Against Epilepsy”. The observation focuses on enhancing awareness of epilepsy, eliminating misconceptions, and advocating for better healthcare, education, and employment opportunities for individuals with epilepsy. WHO came out with a ten-year (2022-2031) intersectoral global plan on neurological disorders like epilepsy.  WHO estimates the number of people living with epilepsy globally at ~five crore, with ~50 lakh being diagnosed with epilepsy each year. To raise awareness, the organisers request people to join the epilepsy journey by walking 50 million steps, one step for each person living with epilepsy.

Epilepsy can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender. Some of the common causes include genetic factors, head trauma and brain infections. Epilepsy is not currently curable but can be managed effectively in many cases with medication (control the seizures to ~70% of them). Research is being pursued to arrive at new treatments and potential cures. In about 50% of cases, the exact cause remains unknown. Some types of epilepsy run in families, indicating a genetic component. Brain injuries can lead to epilepsy. Prenatal and birth-related causes like oxygen deprivation during birth can lead to brain damage and epilepsy.

While a definitive cure for epilepsy remains elusive, significant progress is being made in understanding and treating the condition. Researchers are developing new medications for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Some novel methods, such as optogenetic, responsive neurostimulation, and deep brain stimulation, are being refined to control seizures better. Research suggests that early intervention after the first seizure may prevent long-term epilepsy and associated cognitive deficits.

Increase public understanding of epilepsy,
reduce stigma,
and support those living with the condition.

Epilepsy is not a “poor person’s disease”. However, it is more prevalent (~80%) in low- and middle-income countries. Limited access to healthcare leads to a higher prevalence. India, followed by Ecuador and Nigeria, are the countries with the highest number of people affected by epilepsy. In the US, ~35 lakh have active epilepsy. The government of India has taken several initiatives to address epilepsy and support those affected by it. Providing free medication is another laudable step.

Epilepsy is not always a lifelong condition. While some people have epilepsy for life, others may outgrow it. Up to 70% of people with epilepsy can live seizure-free with proper treatment. Diagnosing it early and providing treatment improves the chances of seizure control.

If someone has epilepsy, they can take several precautions to reduce seizure risks and stay safe. Wearing a medical ID bracelet is one of the novel ways. People with epilepsy should also make co-workers aware of it and indicate to them how they can help if the need arises.  

Many people with epilepsy face discrimination. In many societies, epilepsy is misunderstood and linked to superstitions, witchcraft, or possession, leading to social exclusion. Myths and misconceptions are there about epilepsy. Some think epilepsy is contagious, and some think it is a mental illness. In some cultures, people believe that the cause of epilepsy is past sins or bad karma. Discrimination can also be in the form of being denied learning opportunities and employment. 

Despite medical advancements, epilepsy remains one of the most misunderstood and stigmatised conditions worldwide. Education and awareness are the way forward. Especially the way visual media depict epilepsy. 

Epilepsy is not a disease. It does not define you.
It is just one part of who you are.
The most significant disability in life is a bad attitude, not epilepsy.

Toons: Reema Jaiswal  
Logs: M Sai Baba
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